4.10 Alpha-2 Agonist

Andrea Sullivan Degenhardt

4.10 Alpha-2 Agonist

Clonidine is an Alpha-2 agonist.

Mechanism of Action

As an alpha-2 adrenergic agonist, it reduces sympathetic outflow from the central nervous system, resulting in decreased peripheral resistance, heart rate, blood pressure, and renal vascular resistance.

Indications for Use

Clonidine is used to treat hypertension (HTN) and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).

Nursing Considerations

Monitor blood pressure and pulse rate frequently when giving these medications. Risk of hypotension, bradycardia and sedation.

Dosage is usually adjusted to the client’s blood pressure and can cause hypotension, bradycardia, and sedation. Rebound hypertension may occur if stopped abruptly.

Alpha-2 agonists can be used safely in pediatric and older adult populations with appropriate dosing and monitoring. For pediatrics, dose adjustments need to be made based on the child’s weight and titrated slowly. In older adult populations, dose adjustments are necessary when there is underlying kidney dysfunction.

Client Teaching

Clients should be taught the importance of adhering to the same dosing schedule each day.
Clients may experience orthostatic blood pressure changes so change positions carefully.
Caution with using alcohol while taking this medication.
May experience increased susceptibility to blood pressure changes when exercising and exposed to hot environments.
Risk of depression as a side effect of the medication, inform client to monitor for mood changes and report changes to their prescriber. A different medication therapy may be needed (uCentral, n.d.).

Clonidine Medication Card

Now let’s take a closer look at the medication grid on clonidine. Because information about medication is constantly changing, nurses should always consult evidence-based resources to review current recommendations before administering specific medication.

Downloadable file (.docx): Clonidine Medication Card CH4.10