Clonidine is an Alpha-2 antagonist.

Mechanism of Action

Clonidine reduces sympathetic outflow from the central nervous system and decreases peripheral resistance and renal vascular resistance.

Indications for Use

Clonidine is used to treat hypertension (HTN) and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).

Nursing Considerations

Monitor blood pressure and pulse rate frequently when giving these medications.

Dosage is usually adjusted to the client’s blood pressure and can cause hypotension, bradycardia, and sedation. Rebound hypertension may occur if stopped abruptly.

Alpha-2 antagonists can be used safely in pediatric and older adult populations.  For pediatrics, dose adjustments need to be made based on the child’s weight, and titrated slowly.  In older adult populations, dose adjustments are necessary when there is underlying kidney dysfunction.

Client Teaching

• Clients should be taught the importance of adhering to the same dosing schedule each day.
• Clients may experience orthostatic blood pressure changes so change positions carefully.
• Caution with using alcohol while taking this medication.
• May experience increased susceptibility to blood pressure changes when exercising and exposed to hot environments.
• Risk of depression as a side effect of the medication, inform client to monitor for mood changes and report changes to their prescriber. A different medication therapy may be needed (uCentral, n.d.).

Clonidine Medication Card

Now let’s take a closer look at the medication grid on clonidine.Because information about medication is constantly changing, nurses should always consult evidence-based resources to review current recommendations before administering specific medication.

Downloadable file (.docx): Clonidine Medication Card CH4.10

Interactive Activity

References

• DailyMed (2022). Clonidine Hydrochloride.  DailyMed – CLONIDINE HYDROCHLORIDE tablet

• • uCentral from Unbound Medicine. https://www.unboundmedicine.com/ucentral[